As industries move toward refrigerants with lower global warming potential (GWP), flammability risk is emerging as a new and often underestimated challenge. While these newer refrigerants support sustainability goals, they also introduce fire hazards that require careful planning and oversight.
The shift away from high-GWP refrigerants is driven by environmental regulations and climate-conscious design. In response, manufacturers and facility managers are adopting alternatives such as R-32, R-454B and R-290 (propane). These substances offer reduced environmental impact but come with varying degrees of flammability.
ASHRAE Standard 34 classifies refrigerants by toxicity and flammability. Many of the newer options fall into the A2L (lower flammability) or A3 (higher flammability) categories. While A2L refrigerants are less likely to ignite, they still pose a risk under specific conditions. A3 refrigerants, like propane, are highly flammable and demand strict handling protocols.
The flammability of newer refrigerants depends on factors including ventilation, ignition sources and air concentration. Even mildly flammable substances can ignite under the right conditions, making proper handling and system design essential. Ensure the following practices are in place:
These precautions are especially important in mechanical rooms, storage areas and any location where refrigerants are actively used or maintained.
To effectively manage the hazards associated with flammable refrigerants, organizations should take precautions to reduce exposure, enhance safety protocols and ensure compliance with evolving standards.
Our risk consulting team can help you assess your current systems, identify exposures and implement strategies to protect your people, property and operations from fire hazards. Connect with us today to learn how we can support your organization in navigating the complexities of refrigerant safety and compliance.